People have lived in the Andes Mountains and in South America for a very long time.
As long ago as 18,000 BCE (about 20,000 years ago!), people were hunters and gatherers.
Around 5,000 BCE (about 7,000 years ago), people began farming.
Around 1200 CE (less than 2,000 years ago), the city of Cuzco was established. It was just a village back then.
Around 1400 CE, the Inca conquered most of the tribes in the Andes, from north to south.
About 1531 CE, Pizarro and his men conquered the Incas.
Today, descendants of the Inca people still live in modern Peru.